"chaunge" meaning in Middle English

See chaunge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈt͡ʃau̯nd͡ʒ(ə)/, /ˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒ(ə)/, /ˈt͡ʃand͡ʒ(ə)/ [dialectal], /ˈt͡ʃɔnd͡ʒ(ə)/ [dialectal], /ˈt͡ʃɔːnd͡ʒ(ə)/ [dialectal] Forms: chaunges [plural], change [alternative], chaung [alternative], chawnge [alternative], cheaunge [alternative], chong [alternative], chonge [alternative]
Etymology: Borrowed from Old French change, chaunge, from Latin cambium, from Gaulish cambion (“change”). Etymology templates: {{dercat|enm|cel-pro|ine-pro}}, {{bor+|enm|fro|change}} Borrowed from Old French change, {{der|enm|la|cambium}} Latin cambium, {{der|enm|cel-gau|cambion||change}} Gaulish cambion (“change”) Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} chaunge, {{enm-noun}} chaunge (plural chaunges)
  1. Change; the process of becoming different.
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-noun-IZp7g7ET
  2. Fluctuation, inconstancy; the state of being variable.
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-noun-blPpNUQM Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries, Buildings and structures Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 6 2 13 9 17 20 4 15 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 1 11 8 15 20 4 15 6 1 Disambiguation of Buildings and structures: 3 14 9 21 21 4 17 7 6
  3. Replacement; the action of replacing.
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-noun-OTQ~qv6U
  4. Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):
    Moneychanging; the exchange of currency.
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-noun-QEc-ZYnX Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries, Buildings and structures, Money Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 6 2 13 9 17 20 4 15 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 1 11 8 15 20 4 15 6 1 Disambiguation of Buildings and structures: 3 14 9 21 21 4 17 7 6 Disambiguation of Money: 0 2 1 73 3 1 3 16 1
  5. Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):
    (rare) A swap of prisoners of war.
    Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-noun-9eewzYKb Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries, Buildings and structures Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 6 2 13 9 17 20 4 15 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 1 11 8 15 20 4 15 6 1 Disambiguation of Buildings and structures: 3 14 9 21 21 4 17 7 6
  6. An exchange (a place for moneychanging).
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-noun-gOHXeV2v
  7. (rare) Transmogrification, transmutation. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-noun-zj9o4QlC Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with entries, Buildings and structures Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 6 2 13 9 17 20 4 15 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 1 11 8 15 20 4 15 6 1 Disambiguation of Buildings and structures: 3 14 9 21 21 4 17 7 6
  8. (rare, hunting) An attempt by a stag to escape pursuit. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-noun-WLBPPOOC Categories (other): Hunting Topics: hobbies, hunting, lifestyle
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: eschaunge, chaungeable, chaungen, chaungere
Etymology number: 1

Verb

Forms: change [alternative], chaung [alternative], chawnge [alternative], cheaunge [alternative], chong [alternative], chonge [alternative]
Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|altform=1}} chaunge
  1. alternative form of chaungen Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: chaungen
    Sense id: en-chaunge-enm-verb-r-kLNfyv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Armenian",
              "lang_code": "hy",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "čʻeynǰ",
              "word": "չեյնջ"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Armenian",
              "lang_code": "hy",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "čʻenǰ",
              "word": "չենջ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "čejndž",
          "word": "чейндж"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "change"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "cheenge"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "chinge"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "cheynge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "change"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French change",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cambium"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cambium",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "cambion",
        "4": "",
        "5": "change"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish cambion (“change”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French change, chaunge, from Latin cambium, from Gaulish cambion (“change”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaunges",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "change",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chaung",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawnge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cheaunge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chong",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chonge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "chaunge",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaunge (plural chaunges)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "eschaunge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chaungeable"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chaungen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chaungere"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Change; the process of becoming different."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-noun-IZp7g7ET",
      "links": [
        [
          "Change",
          "change"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 2 13 9 17 20 4 15 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 1 11 8 15 20 4 15 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 14 9 21 21 4 17 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Buildings and structures",
          "orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Fluctuation, inconstancy; the state of being variable."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-noun-blPpNUQM",
      "links": [
        [
          "Fluctuation",
          "fluctuation"
        ],
        [
          "inconstancy",
          "inconstancy"
        ],
        [
          "variable",
          "variable"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Replacement; the action of replacing."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-noun-OTQ~qv6U",
      "links": [
        [
          "Replacement",
          "replacement"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 2 13 9 17 20 4 15 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 1 11 8 15 20 4 15 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 14 9 21 21 4 17 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Buildings and structures",
          "orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 2 1 73 3 1 3 16 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Money",
          "orig": "enm:Money",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):",
        "Moneychanging; the exchange of currency."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-noun-QEc-ZYnX",
      "links": [
        [
          "Exchange",
          "exchange"
        ],
        [
          "compensation",
          "compensation#English"
        ],
        [
          "receive",
          "receive#English"
        ],
        [
          "Moneychanging",
          "moneychanging"
        ],
        [
          "currency",
          "currency"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 2 13 9 17 20 4 15 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 1 11 8 15 20 4 15 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 14 9 21 21 4 17 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Buildings and structures",
          "orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):",
        "A swap of prisoners of war."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-noun-9eewzYKb",
      "links": [
        [
          "Exchange",
          "exchange"
        ],
        [
          "compensation",
          "compensation#English"
        ],
        [
          "receive",
          "receive#English"
        ],
        [
          "swap",
          "swap"
        ],
        [
          "prisoner",
          "prisoner"
        ],
        [
          "war",
          "war"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):",
        "(rare) A swap of prisoners of war."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An exchange (a place for moneychanging)."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-noun-gOHXeV2v",
      "links": [
        [
          "exchange",
          "exchange"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 2 13 9 17 20 4 15 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 1 11 8 15 20 4 15 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 14 9 21 21 4 17 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Buildings and structures",
          "orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Transmogrification, transmutation."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-noun-zj9o4QlC",
      "links": [
        [
          "Transmogrification",
          "transmogrification"
        ],
        [
          "transmutation",
          "transmutation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Transmogrification, transmutation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Hunting",
          "orig": "enm:Hunting",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An attempt by a stag to escape pursuit."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-noun-WLBPPOOC",
      "links": [
        [
          "hunting",
          "hunting#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "stag",
          "stag"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape"
        ],
        [
          "pursuit",
          "pursuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, hunting) An attempt by a stag to escape pursuit."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "hunting",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃau̯nd͡ʒ(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒ(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃand͡ʒ(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔnd͡ʒ(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔːnd͡ʒ(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaunge"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "change",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chaung",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawnge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cheaunge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chong",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chonge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "chaunge",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "chaungen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of chaungen"
      ],
      "id": "en-chaunge-enm-verb-r-kLNfyv",
      "links": [
        [
          "chaungen",
          "chaungen#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaunge"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Gaulish",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Buildings and structures",
    "enm:Money"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Armenian",
              "lang_code": "hy",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "čʻeynǰ",
              "word": "չեյնջ"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Armenian",
              "lang_code": "hy",
              "raw_tags": [
                "borrowed"
              ],
              "roman": "čʻenǰ",
              "word": "չենջ"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "lang_code": "bg",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "čejndž",
          "word": "чейндж"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "change"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "cheenge"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "chinge"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "cheynge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "change"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French change",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cambium"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cambium",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "cambion",
        "4": "",
        "5": "change"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish cambion (“change”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French change, chaunge, from Latin cambium, from Gaulish cambion (“change”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaunges",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "change",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chaung",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawnge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cheaunge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chong",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chonge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "chaunge",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaunge (plural chaunges)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "eschaunge"
    },
    {
      "word": "chaungeable"
    },
    {
      "word": "chaungen"
    },
    {
      "word": "chaungere"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Change; the process of becoming different."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Change",
          "change"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Fluctuation, inconstancy; the state of being variable."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Fluctuation",
          "fluctuation"
        ],
        [
          "inconstancy",
          "inconstancy"
        ],
        [
          "variable",
          "variable"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Replacement; the action of replacing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Replacement",
          "replacement"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):",
        "Moneychanging; the exchange of currency."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Exchange",
          "exchange"
        ],
        [
          "compensation",
          "compensation#English"
        ],
        [
          "receive",
          "receive#English"
        ],
        [
          "Moneychanging",
          "moneychanging"
        ],
        [
          "currency",
          "currency"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):",
        "A swap of prisoners of war."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Exchange",
          "exchange"
        ],
        [
          "compensation",
          "compensation#English"
        ],
        [
          "receive",
          "receive#English"
        ],
        [
          "swap",
          "swap"
        ],
        [
          "prisoner",
          "prisoner"
        ],
        [
          "war",
          "war"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):",
        "(rare) A swap of prisoners of war."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An exchange (a place for moneychanging)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "exchange",
          "exchange"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Transmogrification, transmutation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Transmogrification",
          "transmogrification"
        ],
        [
          "transmutation",
          "transmutation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Transmogrification, transmutation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses",
        "enm:Hunting"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An attempt by a stag to escape pursuit."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hunting",
          "hunting#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "stag",
          "stag"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape"
        ],
        [
          "pursuit",
          "pursuit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, hunting) An attempt by a stag to escape pursuit."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "hunting",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃau̯nd͡ʒ(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒ(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃand͡ʒ(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔnd͡ʒ(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔːnd͡ʒ(ə)/",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaunge"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Buildings and structures",
    "enm:Money"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "change",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chaung",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawnge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cheaunge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chong",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chonge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "chaunge",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "chaungen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of chaungen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chaungen",
          "chaungen#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaunge"
}

Download raw JSONL data for chaunge meaning in Middle English (5.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.